Whither Zanzibar? Appendix – The Article of Union between the Republic of Tanganyika and the Peoples’ Republic of Zanzibar

WHEREAS the Governments of the Republic of Tanganyika and of the Peoples’ Republic of Zanzibar, being mindful of the long association of the peoples’ of these lands and of their ties of kinship and amity; and being desirous of furthering the unity of African peoples, have met and consider the union of the Republic of Tanganyika with the Peoples’ Republic of Zanzibar:

AND WHEREAS the Governments of the Republic of Tanganyika and of the Peoples’ Republic of Zanzibar are desirous that the two Republics shall be united in one Sovereign Republic in accordance with the Articles hereinafter contained:

(i) The Republic of Tanganyika and the Peoples’ Republic of Zanzibar shall be united in one Sovereign Republic.

(ii) During the period from the commencement of the union until the Constituent Assembly provided for in Article (vii) shall have met and adopted a Constitution for the United Republic (hereinafter referred to as the interim period ), the United Republic shall be governed in accordance with the provisions of Articles (iii) to (vi)

(iii) During the interim period the Constitution of the united Republic shall be the Constitution of Tanganyika so modified as to provide for –

(a) a separate legislature and executive in and for Zanzibar from time to time constituted in accordance with the exiting law of Zanzibar and having exclusive authority within Zanzibar for matters other than those reserved to the parliament and executive of the united Republic;

(b) the offices of two Vice-Presidents one of whom (being a person normally resident in Zanzibar) shall be the head of the aforesaid executive in and for Zanzibar and shall be the principal assistant of the President of the united Republic in the discharge of his executive functions in relation to Zanzibar;

(c) the representation of Zanzibar in the Parliament of the united Republic;

(d) such other matters as may be expedient or desirable to give effect to the united Republic and to these Articles.

(iv) There shall reserved [sic] to the Parliament and Executive of the united Republic the following matters -

1. External Affairs
2. Internal Affairs
3. Defence
4. Police
5. Emergency Powers
6. Citizenship
7. Immigration
8. External Trade and Borrowing
9. The Public Service of the United Republic
10. Income Tax, Corporation Tax, Customs and Excise
11. Harbours, Civil Aviation, Posts and Telegraphs

And the said parliament and executive shall have exclusive authority in such matters throughout and for the purposes of the united Republic and in addition exclusive authority in respect of all other matters in and for Tanganyika.

(v) The existing low of Tanganyika and of Zanzibar shall remain in force in their respective territories subject –

(a) to any provision made hereafter by a competent legislature;

(b) to such provision as may be made by order of the President of the united Republic of the extension to Zanzibar of any low relating to any of the matters set out in Article (iv) and the revocation of any corresponding law of Zanzibar;

(c) to such amendments as may be expedient or desirable to give effect to the union and to these Articles.

(vii) (a) The first President of the united Republic shall be Mwalimu Julius K. Nyerere and he shall carry on the government of the united in accordance with the provisions of these Articles and with assistance of the Vice-Presidents aforesaid and of such other ministers and officers as he may appoint from Tanganyika and Zanzibar and their respective public services.

(b) The first Vice-President from Zanzibar to be appointed in accordance with the modifications provide for in Articles (iii) shall be Sheikh Abeid Karume.

(vii) The President of the united Republic in agreement with the Vice-President who is head of the executive in Zanzibar shall -

(a) Appoint a Commission to make proposals for a Constitution for the united Republic.

(b) Summon a Constituent Assembly composed of representatives from Tanganyika and from Zanzibar such numbers as they may determine to meet within one years of the commencement of the union for the purpose of considering the proposals of the Commission aforesaid and to adopt a Constitution for the united Republic.

(viii) These Articles shall be subject to the enactment of laws by the Parliament of Tanganyika and by the Revolutionary Council of the Peoples’ Republic of Zanzibar in conjunction with the Cabinet of Ministers thereof, ratifying the same and providing for the Government of the united Republic and of Zanzibar in accordance therewith.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF Julius K. Nyerere, the President of the Republic of Tanganyika and Abeid Karume, the President of the Peoples’ Republic of Zanzibar, have signed these Articles, in duplicate, at Zanzibar, on this twenty-second day of April,1964.

(WITHER ZANZIBAR?), A 1993 Publication by the CUF Department of Information and Publicity dedicated to the Peoples of Zanzibar in their Struggle for Democracy

WITHER ZANZIBAR?

Whither Zanzibar? Conclusion

Men are mostly responsible for their own fates. We in Tanzania experience our present fate caused by our own choice of accepting the one-party rule. By making CCM the only political party and giving it supremacy in the whole mechanism of the government, it has reduced us to political puppets. For the past thirty years we have been dancing to the single CCM tune.

Majority of Tanzania live in abject poverty, starvation and dehumanizing conditions. The situation is even worse in Zanzibar and Pemba where we have even lost our identity internationally.

With the introduction of multi-party system, we now see some hope, but still it is far off on the horizons. One false move will plunge us into chaos.

The aim of this publication is to help you make a better choice. In Zanzibar the contest will be between the CUF and CCM, so give the CUF your vote and you are guaranteed of a bright future.

(WITHER ZANZIBAR?), A 1993 Publication by the CUF Department of Information and Publicity dedicated to the Peoples of Zanzibar in their Struggle for Democracy

APPENDIX

Whither Zanzibar? The Challenges Facing CUF

POOR HOUSING LIKE THIS PREVAILS ZANZIBARI LIFE STANDARD

CUF’s number one priority would be to rejuvenate the spiritual goodwill of the people –long gone into hibernation. As Abraham Lincoln said, ‘A house divided against itself can not stand.’ So we have to be united. Not that we shall all have uniform views on everything, but that everyone should have the right to his/her views and that it is the duty and obligation of everybody to love his country and to be honest to it. In essence, let us be diverse but united.

We should give little importance to and eventually do away with artificial differences that are beginning to divide the people. An example being the ugly cloud of ethnic divides looming over our heads. We are also against religious prejudices and hate. Everybody has the freedom of worship or not to worship; but religious should not be abused to divide people and justify blood-letting and destruction of countries.

CUF’s second priority would be to raise the standards of living of the people. Ironically the standard of living was higher in 1963 during the colonial time than it is now. We want to make that people lead better lives. It is obvious that the country has gone off the course for to long and it now needs a new vision to steer it off the deadly storms.

Education is an essential nutrient to proper intellectual development and growth. And it is through this broadening of minds that the government will be able to establish better report with its people, better harmony amongst each other and a more fruitful utilization of our limited land and other resources. If CUF comes to power it will ensure that everybody gets the right education according to his/her ability and that the quality of education would be of adequate standards. CUF will ensure that facilities in schools are improved, teachers are well-trained and curriculum reviewed to suit international standards. All in all, there is a big challenge ahead in order to give education its right place and emphasis in the society.

CUF understands that better health care for the people is vital for both economic and social development. Hence, CUF will strive to give better health to all. Also, we will encourage the establishment of private health institutions by individuals, communities, non-governmental organizations (NGO’s) and religious organizations.

CUF believes that housing is a basic human need and very person should have the chance to live in decent, acceptable dwelling. We believe that proper, realistic planning and a commitment to the welfare of our people, low cost housing units can be provided on a basic that is economically justified and viable.

Better electricity, water, communication and other public services would be among the topmost priorities to the CUF government.

(WITHER ZANZIBAR?), A 1993 Publication by the CUF Department of Information and Publicity dedicated to the Peoples of Zanzibar in their Struggle for Democracy

CONCLUSION

Whither Zanzibar? Public Services

CUF IS FOR BETTER EDUCATION AND EDUCATIONAL SERVICES

If there is anything that Zanzibaris have been severely afflicted within the past thirty years of one-party dictatorship, that it is the poor shape of all public services.

A few decades back, the whole of East and Central Africa looked upon Zanzibar as the nucleus of the first-class education. Parents from different parts sent their children to the Isles and felt lucky and proud to have their children studying in the isles.

This was because of the high standards of education provided by the Zanzibar schools. Unfortunately, the education system has in the past thirty years gone through rough periods and the cracks that are left to remind Zanzibar of this sad situation require lots of efforts to repair while others need complete demolition so as to pave the way for new structures.

The shortcomings are the result of rapid expansions made after the 1964 Revolution which did not correspond with growth in the infra-structure. Nearly a half of the teachers are not qualified and standards of education have dropped immensely. From primary levels up to secondary schools, pupils sit on the floor for lack of furniture and make do without exercise or text books. Where science is taught, it is only in theory; there are no laboratories for experimentation. At present, there is only one library in the isles.

The present situation of the medical services in Zanzibar is in very poor shape. The medical services is one of the sectors which have been neglected for quite a long time –with each and very section of the system requiring either a thorough overhaul or a complete rehabilitation. The laboratories in most hospital are not in good shape either because of lack of equipment, reagents or training for the staff.

Housing, electricity and water services are very poor, especially in the rural areas. Most of the roads have lost their tarmac surfaces for years and in some places the pot-holes resemble bomb craters!!! And there are stretchers of roads which are suitable only with the four-wheel-drive vehicles.

Many towns and villages have inadequate water supplies as a result of poor planning and incompetent management. The government claims that it does not have enough money to service such public utilities – while squandering million of dollars on a whimsical purchase like a Presidential Jet!!!

The Zanzibar Municipal Council is a total failure. Nearly three decades of social mismanagement have turned the romance of the historic Stone Town – with its exquisite oriental architecture – into a health hazard.

No romance exists, especially during the heavy rainy seasons when the once mysterious alleyways, instead of exuding romantic fragrance, compete to become perpetual rivers of mud and slime. The antiquated and neglected sewers have become an ideal breading grounds for rodents whose population increase could one day easily outspace that of the human dwellers. Heaps of refuse and debris from fallen buildings are commonplace.

(WITHER ZANZIBAR?), A 1993 Publication by the CUF Department of Information and Publicity dedicated to the Peoples of Zanzibar in their Struggle for Democracy

THE CHALLENGES FACING CUF

Whither Zanzibar? Philosophy and Policies of CUF

CUF IS TAKING OFF

The CUF’s basic philosophy is ‘UTAJIRISHO’ (meaning prosperity in English).This philosophy is derived from our belief that, given encouragement, each individual is capable of bringing prosperity to himself and his family and also contributes to the general improvement of the welfare of the society in which he lives. But this can only be achieved if the basic human rights of the individual are protected and fully adhered to, so that each individual may use his prowess, mental faculties and his physical ability for his own development. The role of the state should be to encourage and regulate the interaction between individual so that there is peace and tranquility. The state should play only a peripheral role in the management of individual’s life. The philosophy also envisages that the national resources should be made available to individuals so that the resources can be fully exploited for the good of each individual and the good of the society at large.

Hence, the policies of the CUF shall be formulated with the intention of reaching the ultimate goal of ‘UTAJIRISHO’.

The CUF believes that given enlightened economic management, success in attracting industry and tourism based investments good clove crops and political stability, Zanzibar could become a booming off-shore banking centre. Recent geological surveys suggest that there are also good prospect for off-shore oil fields.

When asked by freelance journalist: “Where would you look for money to resuscitate the economy of Zanzibar?” Seif Sharif Hamad, the Vice Chairman of CUF had this to say: “We would look everywhere but we feel there is a lot of money in the Far East. Looking for investment, so we should concentrate there. The trouble with the Golf States is that most of their money is already tied up in the West.”

Our policy would be to look for private investors. We want to provide incentives and see Zanzibar become a Hong Kong of East Africa – an off-shore banking centre, a free port and encourage people to bring in light industries but not to destroy the environment.

All signs indicate that we have off-shore fossil fuel deposit – so we shall encourage private companies to join us and explore for oil.

Tourism, definitely, there is a great potential. But we shall have to be more careful than the present government. We feel that the government has been too lax and as result the culture of Zanzibar is being spoilt and we must preserve our culture. Back-parkers, for instance, don’t bring much – everything is on their backs. Also we have had problem with drugs coming in with the outsiders.

Thus CUF is determined to offer an alternative to CCM by laying down foundation for a better Zanzibar. The most important task of the CUF government would be to promote sound economic and social policies which are necessary for sustainable development. Just as important is the introduction of market forces and competition to ensure a more efficient use of resources.

We firmly believe that democratic reforms are necessary for broad-based sustainable development. On the economic and technical side, pluralism can ensure financial accountability and freedom from political interference, so that corruption and nepotism can be avoided. An open government is a vital safeguard to ensure that it responds to the needs of her citizens.

(WITHER ZANZIBAR?), A 1993 Publication by the CUF Department of Information and Publicity dedicated to the Peoples of Zanzibar in their Struggle for Democracy

PUBLIC SERVICES